Scottish Monarchs Quiz

jock said:

There you go I could go on but I is getting bored with all this scottishness!

Oh - had enough already, matey ? No staying power. ::)
This will test the minds of the most fanatical of our friends from north of the border. And I make no apologies as we had loads of quizzes on English history last year..................

1. How many Kings of Scotland called Kenneth have there been ?
2. And how many King Constantines ?
3. Who reigned from 967 to 971 and was known as the Whelp ?
4. Which King who reigned from 962 to 967 was nicknamed the Impetuous ?
5. Which King who reigned from 877-878 was dubbed White-foot ?
6. Which king reigned between 15/08/1057 and 17/03/1058 ?
7. Which king who reigned from 889 to 900 was known as a violent madman ?
8. King Macbeth reigned from 1040-1057. But what is historically inaccurate about Shakespeare's play ?
9. A succession of 10 kings, beginning with Malcolm III and finishing with Alexander III were from the same royal house. Name it.
10. Which of these ten kings was 12 when he came to the throne and died at the age of 24 ?
11. And which of the ten kings was nicknamed The Lion ?
12. The first Interregnum was from 1290 to 1292 - following the reign of which monarch ? and which tragic circumstances ?
13. The second Interregnum lasted from 1296 to 1306: following the abdication of which king ?
14. Who led the Scots to a famous victory over the English at Stirling in 1297, but was captured and killed in 1305 ?
15. Who seized the throne in 1306, won the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 and went on to recapture most of the castles held by the English in Scotland ?
16. Which king restored the House of Balliol, reigned de facto, was then deposed and eventually renounced his claim in 1356 ?
17. Who was the first King of the Royal House of Stewart ?
18. Of the first four King James's, one died in battle, one by accident and two were assassinated: which way round? (i.e. name what happened to which king James)
19. Name the 1513 battle at which that king, along with 10,000 of his men, perished.
20. How many years were there between Mary, Queen of Scots' abdication and her eventual execution ?

Good luck ! 1pt per correct answer, and please keep 'em simple !

[WolfLord]

1.3 - Kenneth Macalpin (843-859), II 971-995), III (997-1005)
2.3 - I (863-877), II (900-942), III(995-997)
3.Cuilean
4.Dubh
5.Aed
6.Lulach (The Fool)
7.Donald II
8.
9.Canmore - The last Monarch of this house was Margaret(Maid of Norway) 1286-1290
10.Malcolm IV (The Maiden)
11.William (1165-1214)
12.John Balliol
13.
14.
15.Robert the Bruce
16.David II
17.Robert II (1371-1390)
18.James I (1406-1437) murdered at Perth, James II (1437-1460) killed in an accident at Roxburgh Castle when a cannon exploded, James III (1460-1488) murdered, James IV (1488-1513) died in battle
19.Battle of Flodden Hill
20.20 years

Great - and so quick !
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) correct.
9) correct, won't argue about Margaret although I have her as sole monarch from the House of Norway.
10) 11) correct
12) will allow if you meant it as the answer to 13)
15) correct
16) incorrect - David II was of the house of Bruce, try another !
17) 18) 19) 20) all correct.

Leaderboard:
[glow=red,2,300]Wolfman 16pts[/glow]

8) 12) 14) & 16) left to get.

[Sir Jock o The Strap]

Sorry only got to this one this morning, won't over do wolfmans answers, but here is the remainder I think!

(9) House of Dunkeld
Scottish kings, by ancient tradition, were always supposed to be crowned at Scone.

* Malcolm III (Calum III; Máel Coluim mac Donnchada) (1058–1093)
* Donald III (Domhnall III; Domnall mac Donnchada) (1093–1094)
* Duncan II (Donnchadh II; Donnchad mac Maíl Choluim) (1094)
* Donald III (Domhnall III; Domnall mac Donnchada) (1094–1097)
* Edgar (Eagar/Eadgar; Etgair mac Maíl Choluim) (1097–1107)
* Alexander I (Alasdair I; Alaxandair mac Maíl Choluim) (1107–1124)
* Saint David I (Daibhidh I; Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim) (1124–1153)
* Malcolm IV (Calum IV; Máel Coluim mac Enric) (1153–1165)
* William I (Uilleam I; Uilliam mac Enric) (1165–1214)
* Alexander II (Alasdair II) (1214–1249)
* Alexander III (Alasdair III) (1249–1286)
* Margaret (Mairead; Maighread) (1286–1290)
Recognized as Queen by the Guardians of Scotland in the Treaty of Salisbury, Margaret, called the Maid of Norway, is nevertheless sometimes omitted from lists of Scots monarchs as she never set foot in Scotland and was never crowned at Scone.

(12) First Interregnum - John, King of Scots (1248-1314) is usually known as John Balliol or, correctly, John de Balliol. He was born in 1248, probably at Barnard Castle, the son of Dervorguilla of Galloway, daughter of Alan, 5th Lord of Galloway, and John, 5th Baron de Balliol, Lord of Barnard Castle and founder of Balliol College in the University of Oxford, one of the first colleges founded in Oxford. As his father was before him, he was Lord of Hitchin. Following the death of Margaret of Scotland in 1290, John Balliol was a competitor for the Scottish crown in the so called 'Great Cause', as he was a great-great grandson of King David I through his mother (and therefore one generation further than his main rival Robert Bruce, 5th Lord of Annandale, grandfather of the future Robert the Bruce),

* Guardians of Scotland
o William Fraser, Bishop of St Andrews
o Duncan Macduff, Earl of Fife
o Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan
o Robert Wishart, Bishop of Glasgow
o James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland
o John Comyn

(13)Second Interregnum
John Balliol
* Guardians of Scotland
o Andrew de Moray (1297)
o William Wallace (1297–1298)
o Robert the Bruce, Earl of Carrick (1298–1300)
o John Comyn (1298–1301)
o William Lamberton, Bishop of St Andrews (1299–1301)
o Sir Ingram de Umfraville (1300–1301)
o John de Soules (1301–1304)
o John Comyn (1302–1304)


(14) Sir William Wallace (c. 1270–August 23, 1305) was a knight and Scottish patriot who led a resistance to the English occupation of Scotland during the Wars of Scottish Independence.

Wallace was the inspiration for the poem The Acts and Deeds of Sir William Wallace, Knight of Elderslie by the 15th century minstrel Blind Harry. This work is purported to be a piece of creative writing, creating a myth-history rather than empirical historical document, and is responsible for much of the legend encompassing Wallace. The 1995 film Braveheart is based on the poem.

The Battle of Stirling Bridge

On 11 September 1297, Wallace won the Battle of Stirling Bridge. Although vastly outnumbered, the Scottish forces led by Wallace and Andrew Moray routed the English army. The Earl of Surrey's professional army of 300 cavalry and 10,000 infantry met disaster as they crossed over to the north side of the river. The narrowness of the bridge prevented many soldiers from crossing together (possibly as few as three men abreast), so while the English soldiers crossed, the Scots held back until half of them had passed and then killed the English as quickly as they could cross.
Stirling Bridge as of 2006.
Stirling Bridge as of 2006.

A pivotal charge, led by one of Wallace's captains, caused some of the English soldiers to retreat as others pushed forward, and under the overwhelming weight, the bridge collapsed and many English soldiers drowned. Harry claims that the bridge was rigged to collapse by the action of a man hidden beneath the bridge. The Scots won a significant victory which hugely boosted the confidence of their army. Hugh Cressingham, Edward's treasurer in Scotland, died in the fighting. Cressingham's skin was allegedly tanned and used to make trophy belts and sporrans by the Scots. William Crawford led 400 Scottish heavy cavalry to complete the action by running the English out of Scotland. It is widely believed that Moray died of wounds suffered on the battlefield sometime in the winter of 1297-98, but an inquisition into the affairs of his uncle, Sir William Moray of Bothwell, held at Berwick in late November 1300, records he was "slain at Stirling against the king."

Upon his return from the Battle of Stirling Bridge, Wallace was knighted along with his second-in-command John Graham and his third-in-command William Crawford, possibly by Robert the Bruce, and Wallace was named "Guardian of Scotland and Leader of its armies".

In the six months following Stirling Bridge, Wallace led a raid into northern England. His intent was to take the battle to English soil to demonstrate to Edward that Scotland also had the power to inflict the same sort of damage south of the border. Naturally, Edward was infuriated but he refused to be intimidated.

The Battle of Falkirk

A year later, Wallace lost the Battle of Falkirk. On 1 April 1298, the English invaded Scotland at Roxburgh. They plundered Lothian and regained some castles, but had failed to bring Wallace to combat. The Scots adopted a scorched-earth policy in their own country, and English quartermasters' failure to prepare for the expedition left morale and food low, but Edward's search for Wallace would end at Falkirk.

Wallace arranged his spearmen in four "schiltrons" — circular, hedgehog formations surrounded by a defensive wall of wooden stakes. The English gained the upper hand, however, attacking first with cavalry, and breaking up the Scottish archers. The Scottish knights withdrew, and Edward's men began to attack the schiltrons. It remains unclear whether the infantry firing bolts, arrows and stones at the spearmen proved the deciding factor, although it is very likely that it was the arrows of Edward's bowmen.

Either way, gaps in the schiltrons soon appeared, and the English exploited these to crush the remaining resistance. The Scots lost many men. Wallace escaped, though his military reputation suffered badly. John Graham was killed and William Crawford became Wallace's second. According to one account, during his flight Wallace fought and killed Brian de Jay, master of the English Templars in a thicket at Callendar.

By September 1298, Wallace had decided to resign as Guardian of Scotland in favour of Robert Bruce, Earl of Carrick, and John Comyn of Badenoch, ex-King John Balliol's brother-in-law. Bruce became reconciled with King Edward in 1302, while Wallace spurned such moves towards peace.

According to Harry, Wallace left with William Crawford in late 1298 on a mission to the court of King Philip IV of France, Le Bel of France to plead the case for assistance in the Scottish struggle for independence. On their trip down the English coast, the small convoy ran into the infamous pirate Richard Longoville, also known as the Red Reiver for his red sails and ruthless raids. Hiding in the hold of the ship while Crawford and a small contingent of men sailed, Wallace surprised the pirates as they boarded the ship. Longoville was captured and taken to Paris where the Scots convinced Phillip to grant amnesty so that Longoville could prey on English ships. This last story is one of many recorded by Blind Harry for which there is no evidence. Harry also invented a major action against Edward I at Biggar, which, though often cited, never actually occurred.

Modern tradition asserts that he served with the Scots Guard in France - despite the fact that the Scots Guard would not be formed for more than 100 years in two battles with the English which history has not recorded and made a side trip to Rome to plead for Scotland, which, similarly, has somehow escaped the eyes of historians. In 1303, Squire Guthrie was sent to France to ask Wallace and his men to return to Scotland, which they did that same year. They slipped in under the cover of darkness to recover on the farm of William Crawford, near Elcho Wood. Having heard rumors of Wallace's appearance in the area, the English moved in on the farm. A chase ensued and the band of men slipped away after being surrounded in Elcho Wood. Here, Wallace took the life of one of his men that he suspected of disloyalty, in order to divert the English from the trail.

Wallace evaded capture by the English until 5 August 1305 when John de Menteith, a Scottish knight loyal to Edward, turned Wallace over to English soldiers at Robroyston near Glasgow. Wallace was transported to London and tried for treason and the execution of civilians and prisoners at Westminster Hall where he was crowned with a garland of oak to suggest that he was the king of outlaws. He responded to the treason charge, "I could not be a traitor to Edward, for I was never his subject." The absent John Balliol was officially his king. Wallace was declared guilty. On 23 August 1305, following the trial, Wallace was taken from the hall, stripped naked and dragged through the city at the heels of a horse to Smithfield Market. He was hanged, drawn and quartered — strangled by hanging but released while still alive, emasculated, eviscerated and his bowels burnt before him, beheaded, then cut into four parts — at the Elms in Smithfield. His preserved head was placed on a pike atop London Bridge. It was later joined by the heads of his brother, John, and Simon Fraser. His limbs were displayed, separately, in Newcastle, Berwick, Stirling, and Aberdeen.

(16) The House of Balliol was a Scottish royal family in the 13th and 14th centuries. Two members of the house were kings of Scotland:

* John Balliol who ruled from 1292 to 1296, and claimed the throne as great-great-great-grandson of David I of Scotland of the House of Dunkeld.
* Edward Balliol, eldest son of John, who ruled from 1332 to about 1338 in contest with David II of Scotland of the House of Bruce.

Both Balliols had English support for their claims; both were deposed. Edward died without issue, but the Balliol descent continued through his sister to the lords of Coucy and ultimately the Bourbon kings of France and Spain.

On 20 January 1356 Edward Balliol met Edward to begin the process of abdication. In a dramatic and symbolic gesture he handed his crown and a handful of Scottish earth to the king, thus making him his heir, declaring to all, "Most excellent prince...I do here before all your chivalry....resign, yield and relinquish to you all my right which I have, claim, or may hereafter have to the throne of Scotland, to the end that you may avenge me of mine enemies, the infamous Scots, who ruthlessly cast me off that I should not reign over them." He also surrendered his lands in Picardy and Galloway, from which he had derived little profit. "He himself gave nothing," wrote John of Fordun, "because from the beginning he had no right to anything." A little more charitably Lord Hailes was later to summarise the tragedy of his life thus;

Thank you Jock, for putting all that effort into hoovering up the last available 4 points.
It won't be any more than that, I'm afraid, as I have to point out that I did particularly ask for the answers to be kept simple.
Also I would ask you to avoid cutting and pasting huge chunks of Wikepedia as the Proboards Forum has limited space availability and such actions use up vast stores of memory.

Anyway, you have mentioned Margaret the Maid of Norway which I can accept as your answer to question 12. Here is some more on the tragic lass who only lived for 7 years and was queen for 4 of them:
www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usbiography/monarchs/margaret.html

14) wasn't a king of course, but you quite rightly point out that Sir William Wallace (aka Braveheart of the film) was declared 'Governor of Scotland' following the success of his campaign at Stirling.

16) Again, you have correctly identified Edward Balliol.

8) No answer given to the question of what is inaccurate about "The Scottish Play"............It is simply that King Duncan I was a young man who gained the throne whilst in his twenties and was only about 30 when he was murdered, whereas in the play Shakespeare depicts him as an old man.

So 3pts for three answers correct out of the four.

Quiz ended:

1. Wolfman 16pts
2. Sir Jock o'the Strap 3pts